Conditional Logic

In Java, conditional logic is primarily implemented using if, if-else, and if-else-if statements, as well as switch statements. Conditional logic in programming is used to execute certain pieces of code based on whether a specified condition evaluates to true or false. Conditional structures allow programs to make decisions, leading to more dynamic and flexible behavior.if Statement

Conditional logic in programming is like making decisions in real life based on certain conditions. It's a way of telling the computer, "If something is true, then do this; otherwise, do something else."

Here's a simple way to understand it:

"If" Statements: This is like saying, "If it's raining, then take an umbrella." In programming, an "if" statement checks if a condition is true. If it is, the computer will execute some code. For example, in a program, you might have a condition like if (temperature < 0), and the code inside this "if" statement will run only if the temperature is below zero.
"Else" Statements: Sometimes, you want the computer to do something else if the "if" condition is not true. This is where "else" comes in. It's like saying, "If it's raining, take an umbrella; otherwise, you don't need one." In programming, an "else" statement can follow an "if" statement to specify what should happen when the "if" condition is false.
"Else if" Statements: These are used when you have multiple conditions to check. It's like saying, "If it's raining, take an umbrella; else if it's snowing, wear a coat; otherwise, just wear a t-shirt." In programming, you can use "else if" to check different conditions one after the other.
Combining Conditions: You can also combine conditions using things like AND (&&) and OR (||). It's like saying, "If it's the weekend and it's sunny, go to the beach." In programming, you can create complex conditions like if (day == "Saturday" && weather == "Sunny").

Conditional logic in programming is a way to make decisions based on conditions. It's like a crossroads where the computer decides which path to take based on whether certain conditions are true or false.

The if statement is used to specify a block of code to be executed if a condition is true.

if (condition) {
    // code to be executed if condition is true
}

if-else Statement

The if-else statement executes one block of code if a condition is true and another block of code if the condition is false.

if (condition) {
    // code to be executed if condition is true
} else {
    // code to be executed if condition is false
}

if-else-if Statement

The if-else-if statement can be used for multiple conditions.

if (condition1) {
    // code to be executed if condition1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
    // code to be executed if condition2 is true
} else {
    // code to be executed if none of the above conditions are true
}

switch Statement

The switch statement is useful for decision-making among multiple choices based on a single variable or expression.

switch (expression) {
    case value1:
        // code to be executed if expression equals value1;
        break;
    case value2:
        // code to be executed if expression equals value2;
        break;
    default:
        // code to be executed if expression doesn't match any case;
}

Ternary Operator

Java also has the ternary operator for conditional assignment, which can replace if-else statements for simpler conditions.

int result = (condition) ? valueIfTrue : valueIfFalse;

Example

Here is an example that demonstrates the use of if, if-else, and if-else-if statements:

public class ConditionalExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int num = 10;

        if (num > 0) {
            System.out.println("The number is positive.");
        } else if (num < 0) {
            System.out.println("The number is negative.");
        } else {
            System.out.println("The number is zero.");
        }
    }
}

And here's an example that uses a switch statement:

public class SwitchExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        char grade = 'A';

        switch (grade) {
            case 'A':
                System.out.println("Excellent!");
                break;
            case 'B':
                System.out.println("Well done");
                break;
            case 'C':
                System.out.println("You passed");
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("Invalid grade");
        }
    }
}