Conditional Logic

In Java, conditional logic is primarily implemented using if, if-else, and if-else-if statements, as well as switch statements. Conditional logic in programming is used to execute certain pieces of code based on whether a specified condition evaluates to true or false. Conditional structures allow programs to make decisions, leading to more dynamic and flexible behavior.if Statement

The if statement is used to specify a block of code to be executed if a condition is true.

if (condition) {
    // code to be executed if condition is true
}

if-else Statement

The if-else statement executes one block of code if a condition is true and another block of code if the condition is false.

if (condition) {
    // code to be executed if condition is true
} else {
    // code to be executed if condition is false
}

if-else-if Statement

The if-else-if statement can be used for multiple conditions.

if (condition1) {
    // code to be executed if condition1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
    // code to be executed if condition2 is true
} else {
    // code to be executed if none of the above conditions are true
}

switch Statement

The switch statement is useful for decision-making among multiple choices based on a single variable or expression.

switch (expression) {
    case value1:
        // code to be executed if expression equals value1;
        break;
    case value2:
        // code to be executed if expression equals value2;
        break;
    default:
        // code to be executed if expression doesn't match any case;
}

Ternary Operator

Java also has the ternary operator for conditional assignment, which can replace if-else statements for simpler conditions.

int result = (condition) ? valueIfTrue : valueIfFalse;

Example

Here is an example that demonstrates the use of if, if-else, and if-else-if statements:

public class ConditionalExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int num = 10;

        if (num > 0) {
            System.out.println("The number is positive.");
        } else if (num < 0) {
            System.out.println("The number is negative.");
        } else {
            System.out.println("The number is zero.");
        }
    }
}

And here's an example that uses a switch statement:

public class SwitchExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        char grade = 'A';

        switch (grade) {
            case 'A':
                System.out.println("Excellent!");
                break;
            case 'B':
                System.out.println("Well done");
                break;
            case 'C':
                System.out.println("You passed");
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("Invalid grade");
        }
    }
}