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Know Your Data

• The importance of understanding the data model that you are working in cannot be overstated

• Real-world databases are messy; most database systems remain in service in an organization for decades

Know the Problem

• Understand the question you are attempting to answer

• Information reporting requests will come from a range of sources; may be one-time events or ongoing operations within an application

Build clauses in the following order:

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FROM

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WHERE

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GROUP BY

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HAVING

...

SELECT

...

Here are some general steps to help guide you through the process:

1. Understand the Requirements: This step is crucial. Before writing a query, you must have a clear understanding of the data you need to extract and the format it should be in.

2. Identify Relevant Tables/Fields: Once you have a clear understanding of what's needed, identify which tables contain the data and which fields you need to interact with. This step might require examining the database schema, ER diagrams, or other documentation.

3. Start Simple: Begin by writing a simple query to extract data from a single table. For example, use a SELECT statement to extract the data from the relevant fields.

4. Add Additional Tables: If the data you need is spread across multiple tables, you'll need to join these tables together. The type of join you use (INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, etc.) will depend on the specific requirements of the query.

5. Filter with a WHERE Clause: Use a WHERE clause to filter the data based on certain conditions.

6. Subqueries and Correlated Subqueries: In some cases, you might need to use subqueries or correlated subqueries to further refine your data or to create more complex conditions for data extraction.

7. Aggregate Functions: If you need to perform calculations on your data, such as finding the average, sum, maximum, or minimum of a certain column, you can use aggregate functions.

8. Grouping and Ordering: Use the GROUP BY and ORDER BY clauses to group your results based on certain fields and order your results in a specific way.

9. Limit Results: Depending on the requirements, you might need to limit the number of rows returned by your query. This is where the LIMIT clause comes in.

10. Test Your Query: Once you've written your query, test it to make sure it returns the data you expect. If it doesn't, troubleshoot and refine your query.

11. Optimize Your Query: After your query is working as expected, consider optimizing it for performance. This might involve tasks like avoiding subqueries when a join would work, using indexes, or minimizing the use of wildcard characters in the LIKE clause.

Remember, complex queries can often be broken down into several simpler queries. By tackling each part of the problem one step at a time, you can build up to the full solution in a systematic way. And always make sure to thoroughly test your queries to ensure they're returning the correct results.