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Relationship Type

Graphical Representation

Inheritance (or Generalization):

  • Represents an "is-a" relationship.

  • An abstract class name is shown in italics.

  • SubClass1 and SubCass2 are specializations of Super Class.

  • A solid line with a hollow arrowhead that point from the child to the parent class

Inheritance

Simple Association:

  • A structural link between two peer classes.

  • There is an association between Class1 and Class2

  • A solid line connecting two classes

Aggregation:

A special type of association. It represents a "part of" relationship.

  • Class2 is part of Class1.

  • Many instances (denoted by the *) of Class2 can be associated with Class1.

  • Objects of Class1 and Class2 have separate lifetimes.

  • A solid line with an unfilled diamond at the association end connected to the class of composite

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Composition:

A special type of aggregation where parts are destroyed when the whole is destroyed.

  • Objects of Class2 live and die with Class1.

  • Class2 cannot stand by itself.

  • A solid line with a filled diamond at the association connected to the class of composite

Dependency:

  • Exists between two classes if the changes to the definition of one may cause changes to the other (but not the other way around).

  • Class1 depends on Class2

  • A dashed line with an open arrow

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Names of relationships are written in the middle of the association line.Good relation names make sense when you read them out loud:"Every spreadsheet contains some number of cells","an expression evaluates to a value"They often have a small arrowhead to show the direction in which direction to read the relationship, e.g., expressions evaluate to values, but values do not evaluate to expressions.

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Relationship - Roles

  • A role is a directional purpose of an association.

  • Roles are written at the ends of an association line and describe the purpose played by that class in the relationship.

    • E.g., A cell is related to an expression. The nature of the relationship is that the expression is the formula of the cell.

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Navigability

The arrows indicate whether, given one instance participating in a relationship, it is possible to determine the instances of the other class that are related to it.

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