OOP, or Object-Oriented Programming Fundamentals:
...
Class and Object concepts
...
Inheritance
...
Polymorphism
...
Encapsulation
...
, is a paradigm in programming that structures software around data or objects rather than functions and logic. The basic idea is to combine a data structure (attributes) with a set of procedures or methods (behaviors) to create what's called an "object.” These objects are usually instances of classes, like blueprints for creating an object.
...
The principles of OOP include:
Encapsulation: This principle is about hiding objects' internal states and functionality, exposing only what is necessary. It can prevent the object's internal state from being modified unexpectedly. It also helps to manage complexity, as the inner workings of an object are hidden from the rest of the system.
Abstraction: Abstraction is about simplifying complex systems by creating models of them that expose the relevant details and hide everything else. In OOP, this is often achieved through classes, where a class provides a simple interface for creating and interacting with objects, hiding the complex implementation details.
Inheritance: This is a principle where one class inherits properties and methods from another class. This allows for code reusability and can model is-a relationships (a Car is a Vehicle).
Polymorphism: Polymorphism allows one interface to represent a general class of actions. It's the characteristic of being able to assign a different behavior or value to a particular instance of a class, or the same function or property in an inherited class.
These principles make it easier to maintain and develop software, as they encourage modularization and separation of concerns, where different parts of a software system are responsible for different things. Each object is responsible for specific tasks, and objects can communicate with each other to perform complex tasks.
Popular programming languages that support OOP include Java, C++, C#, Python, PHP, Ruby, and many others. Each language has its own way of implementing OOP concepts, but the underlying principles remain the same.
...